ISO 1031-1974 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 1031:1974 — Coniferous sawn timber — Defects — Terms and definitions. Trilingual edition (English, French, Russian) that gives standardized terms and definitions used for describing defects in coniferous (softwood) sawn timber; used together with ISO 1029 (classification) and related ISO timber standards. A PDF/electronic version is commercially available from standards publishers.

Abstract

Defines terms and definitions for defects in coniferous sawn timber (unplaned sawn timber and timber surfaced to size or planed but without profiling). The document provides consistent vocabulary and illustrated examples to support the defect classification given in ISO 1029. It replaces the earlier ISO/R 1031 and is published as a trilingual edition (EN/FR/RU).

General information

• Status: Published (International Standard; confirmed in 2024)
• Publication date: 1 December 1974
• Publisher: ISO — International Organization for Standardization
• ICS / categories: 79.040 (Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber); 01.040.79 (Wood technology — Vocabularies)
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (1974)
• Number of pages: 29

Scope

Specifies the standardized terms and definitions for defects found in coniferous sawn timber. Applies to unplaned sawn timber and timber surfaced to size or planed but without profiling. The standard is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 1029 (defect classification) and provides illustrated examples to ensure consistent usage of defect terminology across users and markets.

Key topics and requirements

• Standardized definitions of common defects in coniferous sawn timber (knots, shakes, splits, wane, compression wood, etc.).
• Illustrative figures showing typical defect appearances to aid consistent interpretation.
• Terms aligned to support the defect classification system in ISO 1029.
• Trilingual presentation of terms (English, French, Russian) for international use.
• Replacement of the earlier recommendation ISO/R 1031 with an accepted International Standard.

Typical use and users

Used by lumber mills, timber graders, quality control and inspection bodies, standards committees, procurement/specification writers, timber traders, testing laboratories, forestry and wood-technology educators, and consultants who require a common vocabulary for describing and documenting defects in coniferous sawn timber.

Related standards

ISO 1029:1974 (Coniferous sawn timber — Defects — Classification) — directly linked classification standard; ISO 1030:1975 (Coniferous sawn timber — Defects — Measurement) — related measurement rules; ISO/R 1031 (earlier recommendation replaced by ISO 1031:1974); other ISO/TC 218 timber and sawn timber standards and national grading rules that reference ISO terminology.

Keywords

coniferous sawn timber, defects, terminology, classification support, knots, splits, wane, grading, timber vocabulary, ISO 1031, trilingual

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 1031:1974 is an international standard that provides terms and definitions for defects in coniferous (softwood) sawn timber; it standardizes vocabulary used when describing timber defects.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers terms and definitions for defects found in unplaned sawn timber and timber surfaced to size or planed without profiling, illustrated with figures and intended to be used with ISO 1029 (classification) and ISO 1030 (measurement).

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Lumber producers, graders and inspectors, procurement and specification authors, testing laboratories, standards committees, and anyone needing a consistent international vocabulary for timber defects.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 1031:1974 remains the published International Standard; it has been subject to ISO periodic review and was confirmed in 2024, so this 1974 edition is still current as of the latest confirmation.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of a set of related ISO documents on coniferous sawn timber defects: ISO 1029 (classification), ISO 1030 (measurement), and other ISO/TC 218 timber standards; it also replaces the earlier ISO/R 1031 recommendation.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Coniferous, sawn timber, defects, terminology, classification, grading, knots, splits, wane, ISO 1031, timber vocabulary.