ISO 12947-3-1998 PDF

Full title and description

Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method — Part 3: Determination of mass loss. This part of ISO 12947 specifies a laboratory method using the Martindale abrasion tester to determine abrasion resistance by measuring specimen mass loss; it complements the apparatus specification (Part 1) and the breakdown/appearance procedures given in other parts of the series.

Abstract

ISO 12947-3:1998 defines test specimen dimensions, preparatory steps, loading conditions and procedures for measuring mass loss after Martindale abrasion. The method applies to most textile fabrics including nonwovens (except where a deliberately low wear life is specified) and includes requirements for conditioning, rub-count selection, weighing accuracy and result reporting.

General information

• Status: Published / active (national bodies list the EN/ISO adoption as valid).
• Publication date: 1998 (ISO 12947-3:1998); Technical Corrigendum 1 published 11 November 2002.
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 59.080.30 (Textile fabrics / textile technology).
• Edition / version: ISO 12947-3:1998 (with Corrigendum 2002).
• Number of pages: Typically published as an 8-page technical part in the ISO/EN bundle (commercial distributors list 8 pages).

Scope

Applies to the determination of mass loss caused by abrasion when fabric specimens are exposed to the Martindale rubbing motion. It covers most woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics, defines specimen dimensions and mounting, prescribes auxiliary materials (abradant, felt underlay, optional foam backing), loading pieces and test atmospheres, and gives rules for selecting rub-count intervals and reporting mass-loss results. It does not apply where the specifier expects a deliberately low abrasion wear life.

Key topics and requirements

• Principle: circular specimens abraded in a Lissajous motion while holder rotates; abrasion quantified by mass loss.
• Apparatus: Martindale abrasion tester as specified in ISO 12947‑1 (drive ratios, stroke length and specimen holders) and an analytical balance with 1 mg resolution.
• Specimen dimensions and mounting: standard specimen diameter (typically 38 mm) and guidance for use of foam backing for lighter fabrics.
• Loading conditions: two nominal loading-piece masses producing approximate contact pressures (representative nominal pressures commonly used ≈12 kPa and ≈9 kPa).
• Conditioning and atmosphere: standard textile conditioning prior to test (20 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5 % RH) and reconditioning between weighing.
• Procedure and measurement: choose rub-count intervals appropriate to expected wear life, remove loose debris, recondition and weigh to determine mass loss; calculate mean mass loss and statistical descriptors and report test details.

Typical use and users

Used by textile test laboratories, R&D and quality control teams in textile and apparel manufacturing, upholstery and furniture suppliers, automotive/interior fabric suppliers, footwear manufacturers and standards bodies for product specification, comparative testing and compliance verification. Research groups and regulators may also use the method for material development and safety/durability assessments.

Related standards

ISO 12947 is a multipart standard. Key related parts include ISO 12947-1 (Martindale apparatus and auxiliary materials), ISO 12947-2 (determination of specimen breakdown; newer revisions exist), and ISO 12947-4 (assessment of appearance change). National and regional adoptions (EN/ISO versions) and corrigenda may apply.

Keywords

Martindale; abrasion resistance; mass loss; textiles; nonwovens; specimen dimensions; rub count; conditioning; loading piece; ISO 12947.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 12947-3:1998 is the part of the ISO 12947 series that specifies the Martindale method for determining abrasion resistance of fabrics by measuring mass loss.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen preparation and dimensions, auxiliary materials, mounting, loading conditions, test procedure, conditioning, weighing and reporting requirements for mass-loss evaluation after Martindale abrasion. It complements the apparatus specification in Part 1 and appearance/breakdown assessments in other parts.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Textile testing laboratories, manufacturers (apparel, upholstery, automotive interiors, footwear), R&D teams, standards organizations and regulators for performance specification, quality control and comparative testing.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 12947-3:1998 remains the published part for mass-loss determination; a Technical Corrigendum was issued in 2002. National and regional catalogs list the part as valid/active (check your national standards body for any later revisions or replacements). Status may vary by adopter; confirm with the ISO catalogue or your national standards organization for the most recent status. (Information checked against national/adopter records and distributor listings.)

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO 12947 is a multipart series for Martindale abrasion testing: Part 1 (apparatus), Part 2 (breakdown), Part 3 (mass loss) and Part 4 (appearance); users typically apply the relevant parts together.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Martindale, abrasion, mass loss, textile fabrics, specimen dimensions, rub-count, conditioning, ISO 12947.