ISO 14184-1-2011 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 14184-1:2011 — Textiles — Determination of formaldehyde — Part 1: Free and hydrolysed formaldehyde (water extraction method). This international standard specifies a laboratory procedure to extract and quantify free and hydrolysed (water-extractable) formaldehyde from textile samples using a controlled water extraction followed by a colorimetric determination.

Abstract

ISO 14184-1:2011 defines a water-extraction and colorimetric method for measuring free and partly hydrolysed formaldehyde in textiles. The method is applicable to textile samples in any form and is intended for quantification in the range 16 mg/kg to 3 500 mg/kg; results below 16 mg/kg are reported as "not detectable". The standard complements ISO 14184-2:2011, which covers released formaldehyde (vapour absorption methods).

General information

• Status: Published (International Standard, edition 2; confirmed in periodic review).
• Publication date: August 2011 (2011-08).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 59.080.01 (Textiles in general).
• Edition / version: Edition 2, 2011.
• Number of pages: 8.

Scope

This part of ISO 14184 specifies a method for determination of the amount of free formaldehyde and formaldehyde extracted partly through hydrolysis by means of a water extraction method. It applies to textile samples in any form and is intended for measurement of free and hydrolysed formaldehyde present on fabrics in the range 16 mg/kg to 3 500 mg/kg; values below 16 mg/kg are reported as "not detectable". The method measures water-extractable (free and hydrolysed) formaldehyde and is not intended to quantify formaldehyde released to air — see ISO 14184-2 for release testing.

Key topics and requirements

• Extraction: Controlled water extraction of a defined specimen mass/volume at specified temperature and time to recover free and hydrolysed formaldehyde.
• Analytical reaction: Colorimetric determination of formaldehyde in the extract (derivatization with acetylacetone / Nash-type reagent producing a measurable chromophore; spectrophotometric measurement).
• Calibration and limits: Use of standardized formaldehyde calibration solutions and multi-point calibration; working range targeted between 16 mg/kg and 3 500 mg/kg with guidance for dilutions and reporting below detection limit.
• Apparatus and reagents: Spectrophotometer, water bath (controlled temperature), filtration apparatus, reagents for derivatization and confirmation tests; requirements for quality control blanks and parallel testing.
• Reporting and traceability: Instructions for calculation, expression of results (mg/kg), required laboratory controls and reporting of "not detectable" where appropriate.

These technical elements and quality controls are described in the standard text and associated annexes/notes.

Typical use and users

ISO 14184-1:2011 is used by textile testing laboratories, manufacturers and suppliers for incoming/outgoing quality control, by regulatory and certification bodies where formaldehyde content in textiles must be assessed for consumer safety, and by research laboratories studying textile finishes and formaldehyde-related issues. It is typically applied when assessing free/formaldehyde that is water-extractable on fabrics (as opposed to vapour release).

Related standards

ISO 14184-2:2011 — Textiles — Determination of formaldehyde — Part 2: Released formaldehyde (vapour absorption method) is the companion standard for measuring formally releasable formaldehyde from textiles. Other regional or method-specific standards and test methods (for example some national JIS and AATCC methods) address related measurements (released formaldehyde or alternative analytical techniques) and may give differing numerical results due to differences in extraction/release conditions and analytical procedures. When specifying limits or compliance, the exact test method (ISO 14184-1 vs ISO 14184-2 or other methods) must be stated.

Keywords

Formaldehyde; textiles; free formaldehyde; hydrolysed formaldehyde; water extraction; colorimetric determination; acetylacetone (Nash) method; spectrophotometry; ISO 14184; textile testing.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 14184-1:2011 is an international standard that specifies a laboratory water-extraction and colorimetric method for determining free and partly hydrolysed formaldehyde in textile materials.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the extraction procedure, reagents and apparatus, calibration, calculation and reporting for quantifying water-extractable free and hydrolysed formaldehyde on textile samples, applicable in the range 16 mg/kg to 3 500 mg/kg. It does not address formaldehyde released to air (see Part 2).

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Accredited textile test laboratories, manufacturers (quality control), certification bodies and researchers concerned with formaldehyde content in fabrics and finished textile products.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 14184-1:2011 is the current edition published in 2011 (edition 2) and the ISO record indicates it was reviewed and confirmed in the 5-year review cycle (confirmed in 2022), so this edition remains current. A prior edition (ISO 14184-1:1998) was withdrawn and replaced by the 2011 edition.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is Part 1 of the ISO 14184 series. Part 2 (ISO 14184-2:2011) covers released formaldehyde (vapour absorption method); both parts are commonly referenced together when assessing formaldehyde in textiles.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Free formaldehyde; hydrolysed formaldehyde; water extraction; colorimetric assay; acetylacetone (Nash) reagent; spectrophotometry; textile safety testing; ISO 14184-1.