GOST 10169-77 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 10169-77 — "Машины электрические трехфазные синхронные. Методы испытаний" (3‑phase synchronous machines — Test methods). The standard specifies test procedures, measurement methods and acceptance checks for three‑phase synchronous electrical machines (generators and motors), including electrical, mechanical and vibration tests and methods to determine synchronous, transient and subtransient reactances and time constants.

Abstract

This standard provides standardized test methods for three‑phase synchronous machines in the power and frequency ranges covered by the document. It describes procedures for measurement of insulation resistance and dielectric strength, winding resistance, no‑load and short‑circuit characteristics, short‑circuit tests, determination of excitation current for specified conditions, transient tests (including sudden three‑phase short circuit), hydrogen tightness tests for hydrogen‑cooled machines, vibration measurement requirements and methods for calculating key electromagnetic parameters. The text includes integrated amendments and corrections issued after original publication.

General information

• Status: In force / active (standarded and published; amendments have been incorporated into the text in later editions).
• Publication date: Introduced 1 January 1978 (adopted 1977).
• Publisher: State Committee for Standards of the USSR (Gosstandart) — original issuing body; later maintained in national standards collections.
• ICS / categories: Rotating electrical machines — ICS 29.160 (rotating electrical machines / three‑phase synchronous machines).
• Edition / version: GOST 10169‑77 (1977 edition, with subsequent integrated amendments issued through the 1980s).
• Number of pages: Approximately 85 pages (standard document length as published).

Scope

Applies to three‑phase synchronous electrical machines of general design. Typical application covers synchronous machines with rated apparent power from about 1 kVA and above and operating at alternating current frequencies nominally in the range covered by the standard (examples and specific ranges given in the normative text). The standard does not cover certain special machine types (for example some permanent‑magnet machines or special inductor types) unless explicitly stated. It sets out test conditions, instrumentation and evaluation criteria required to determine key electrical and mechanical characteristics and to verify machine integrity and performance.

Key topics and requirements

• Definitions and general test principles for three‑phase synchronous machines.
• Measurement of air‑gap and rotor/stator geometry and assessment of radial gap uniformity.
• Insulation resistance and dielectric strength tests (between windings and frame; inter‑winding tests).
• DC resistance measurements of windings in near‑cold conditions.
• No‑load (open‑circuit) and short‑circuit characteristic determination and procedures to derive synchronous, transient and subtransient reactances and time constants.
• Sudden three‑phase short‑circuit test method and procedure for extracting transient parameters from recorded waveforms.
• Determination of excitation current under various conditions (including overexcited operation and generator/dynamo regimes).
• High‑speed (overspeed) and mechanical/vibration testing procedures and acceptance thresholds; vibration measurement standards references for different machine sizes.
• Hydrogen tightness and leakage test methods for hydrogen‑cooled machines (pressure/flow‑based methods and test durations).
• Requirements for instrumentation, data recording (oscillography) and methods for numerical or graph‑analytic processing of transient test results.

Typical use and users

Engineers and technicians in electric machine design, testing laboratories, power plant and utility test departments, rotating machinery manufacturers and quality assurance teams use this standard to verify design performance, certify machines for service, perform acceptance tests and investigate failures. It is used during factory acceptance testing (FAT), commissioning, maintenance testing of large generators and motors, and in special test programs (e.g., hydrogen leakage tests for hydrogen‑cooled generators).

Related standards

References and related documents include national and international standards on rotating electrical machines and test methods (examples: IEC/IEC 60034 series (formerly IEC 34) for rotating electrical machines, other GOSTs on general test methods for rotating machines, and specific GOSTs on vibration measurement and safety). The standard cross‑references other GOSTs such as general test methods for rotating electrical machines and related safety/measurement standards.

Keywords

synchronous machine; three‑phase; test methods; excitation current; short‑circuit test; transient reactance; subtransient reactance; insulation test; dielectric strength; vibration measurement; hydrogen leakage; generator testing; motor testing.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 10169‑77 is a Soviet/Russian state standard that specifies test methods for three‑phase synchronous electrical machines (generators and motors). It establishes procedures for electrical, mechanical and transient tests used to obtain key machine parameters.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers measurement and test procedures such as air‑gap checks, winding resistance and insulation tests, no‑load and short‑circuit characteristics, short‑circuit transient tests, derivation of synchronous/transient/subtransient reactances and time constants, vibration testing and hydrogen tightness tests for hydrogen‑cooled machines.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Manufacturers of synchronous machines, test laboratories, commissioning and maintenance teams at power plants, electrical engineers involved in machine design and diagnostics, and quality assurance personnel.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The document is catalogued as GOST 10169‑77 (introduced 1 January 1978) and has had amendments integrated into its text; publicly available standards databases list it as in force. Users should verify the current legal/technical status with their national standards body or official standards database for the latest conformance requirements before relying on it for regulatory compliance.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is part of the suite of standards dealing with rotating electrical machines and test methods; it cross‑references other GOSTs and international IEC documents (IEC 34 / IEC 60034 series) that cover machine definitions, test methods and safety.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Synchronous machine, three‑phase, test methods, excitation, short‑circuit, reactance, insulation test, vibration, hydrogen leakage, generator testing.