ISO 2471-2008 PDF

Full title and description

St ISO 2471-2008 — Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method. This International Standard specifies a laboratory method for determining the opacity (paper backing) of paper and board using a diffuse reflectance technique and gives requirements for specimen preparation, apparatus, measurement and reporting.

Abstract

ISO 2471:2008 defines a diffuse-reflectance procedure to measure the opacity (paper backing) of papers and boards. The method can be applied to materials containing fluorescent whitening agents provided the UV content of the incident radiation is adjusted to CIE illuminant C using an appropriate fluorescent reference standard (see ISO 2470-1). The method is not intended for coloured papers or boards that incorporate fluorescent dyes or pigments.

General information

• Status: Published (confirmed).
• Publication date: December 2008 (03 Dec 2008).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 85.060 (Paper and board).
• Edition / version: Edition 4 (2008).
• Number of pages: 8.

Scope

This standard specifies a method for the determination of the opacity (paper backing) of paper and board by diffuse reflectance. It includes requirements for apparatus, reference standards, sample conditioning, measurement procedure and the handling of materials containing fluorescent whitening agents (with UV adjustment to CIE illuminant C). It excludes coloured papers or boards that include fluorescent dyes or pigments.

Key topics and requirements

• Principle: measurement of diffuse reflectance to determine opacity (paper backing).
• Apparatus: diffuse-reflectance opacity meter / reflectometer with defined illumination and viewing geometry.
• Reference standards and UV adjustment: procedures to adjust UV content to CIE illuminant C when testing papers with fluorescent whitening agents (reference to ISO 2470-1).
• Specimen preparation and conditioning: sample size, orientation and conditioning to standard laboratory atmosphere.
• Measurement procedure: test point selection, number of readings, averaging and calculation of opacity values.
• Reporting: required test conditions, instrument settings, any UV adjustments, and the resulting opacity value with units.
• Limitations: not applicable to coloured papers/boards containing fluorescent dyes or pigments; follow normative references for related measurements.

Typical use and users

Used by paper and board manufacturers, independent testing laboratories, quality control departments, converters and printers to assess backing opacity for printability, show-through and product specification compliance. Purchasing/specification teams and standards bodies also use the method for procurement and regulatory or contractual testing.

Related standards

Normative and related references commonly cited with ISO 2471 include ISO 2470-1 (measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor / brightness — Part 1: indoor daylight conditions) and ISO 2469 (measurement of diffuse radiance factor). Earlier editions of ISO 2471 (for example the 1998 edition) were superseded by the 2008 edition.

Keywords

opacity, paper backing, diffuse reflectance, reflectometer, opacity meter, fluorescent whitening agents, CIE illuminant C, paper testing, ISO/TC 6, paper and board.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 2471:2008 is an international test method for determining the opacity (paper backing) of paper and board using a diffuse reflectance technique.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers apparatus, specimen preparation and conditioning, measurement procedure, handling of fluorescent whitening agents (with required UV adjustment to CIE illuminant C), calculation and reporting of opacity values. It excludes coloured papers with fluorescent dyes or pigments.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Paper and board producers, QC and R&D laboratories, printers, converters, independent testing houses, procurement/specification teams and standards organizations.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 2471:2008 is the current published edition (4th edition, published 03 December 2008) and was reviewed/confirmed in ISO's systematic review process; the 1998 edition was superseded by the 2008 edition.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is part of the family of ISO test methods for paper and board (managed by ISO/TC 6) and is used alongside related standards such as ISO 2470-1 (brightness/blue reflectance) and ISO 2469 (diffuse radiance factor).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Opacity; diffuse reflectance; paper backing; fluorescent whitening agents; CIE illuminant C; reflectometer; paper testing.