ISO 3147-1975 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 3147:1975 — Heat exchangers — Verification of thermal balance of water-fed or steam-fed primary circuits — Principles and test requirements. This International Standard sets out principles, measurement methods and test requirements for experimentally verifying the thermal (heat) balance of primary circuits supplying heat exchangers when fed with water or steam.

Abstract

This standard defines the procedures for determining the energy input to a heat exchanger (by measurement of mass flow and enthalpy at inlet/outlet or by measurement of total energy input minus known losses), the conditions required for steady-state testing, calibration and insulation of the test circuit, and illustrative arrangements of test apparatus (annex). It is a short technical specification intended to ensure reproducible, comparable calorimetric tests on water‑ or steam‑fed primary circuits.

General information

• Status: Withdrawn.
• Publication date: June 1975 (first edition, 1975-06).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 97.100.01 (Heating appliances in general).
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (1975).
• Number of pages: 6 pages.

Scope

ISO 3147:1975 applies to experimental verification of the thermal balance of primary circuits supplying heat exchangers when the primary fluid is water (including hot/high‑temperature water) or steam. The standard is written for steady‑state tests and specifies how to determine energy input to the exchanger, how to account for circuit losses, and the general test conditions and calibration requirements; example arrangements of test apparatus are provided in an annex.

Key topics and requirements

• Measurement principles: energy input may be determined either by measuring the mass flow and thermodynamic properties (enthalpy) of the primary fluid at inlet and outlet or by measuring the total electrical energy supplied to the primary circuit and subtracting losses.
• Use of enthalpy data: inlet and outlet enthalpies (h1, h2) are deduced from measured pressures, temperatures and fluid state (steam tables / properties).
• Steady‑state testing: tests are performed under steady operating conditions specified for the appliance under test.
• Loss control and calibration: the test circuit (heat source and piping) must be well insulated (except the exchanger) and losses determined by calibration; losses should be minimised and specified in the test report.
• Acceptable loss limits: the standard indicates that heat losses (external to the exchanger) should be kept low and not exceed a specified fraction of output (the document gives practical guidance for acceptable limits).
• Illustrative arrangements: annex contains example test‑apparatus arrangements for typical measurements.

Typical use and users

Used by heat‑exchanger manufacturers, independent test laboratories, appliance testhouses, certification bodies and engineering departments responsible for performance verification of heating appliances, boilers and industrial heat‑exchange equipment. It is also a reference for standards committees and researchers working on thermal test methods for water‑ and steam‑fed systems.

Related standards

ISO 3147 was prepared by ISO/TC 116 (Heating appliances) and is related to other ISO standards and national standards that specify appliance‑specific test conditions and safety requirements for heaters and boilers; it also references commonly used steam property data (International Conference on Properties of Steam) for enthalpy calculations. Note: ISO 3147:1975 has been withdrawn; users should check current ISO and national standards for up‑to‑date test methods.

Keywords

heat exchanger; thermal balance; calorimetry; primary circuit; water; steam; enthalpy; steady‑state test; calibration; ISO 3147:1975.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 3147:1975 is an International Standard that specified principles and test requirements for verifying the thermal balance of water‑fed or steam‑fed primary circuits supplying heat exchangers.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers measurement methods (mass‑flow plus enthalpy or total energy input minus losses), steady‑state test conditions, calibration and insulation requirements for the test circuit, and provides illustrative test‑apparatus arrangements in an annex.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Heat‑exchanger manufacturers, test laboratories, certifying organisations, standards developers and engineering teams responsible for performance testing of heating appliances and industrial heat‑exchange equipment.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 3147:1975 is withdrawn (the ISO record shows the standard as withdrawn). Some secondary listings indicate it was withdrawn without replacement; users should consult current ISO publications or national bodies for any replacement or updated test methods.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It was developed by ISO/TC 116 (Heating appliances) and sits among ISO documents addressing test methods and requirements for heating appliances and heat‑transfer equipment; it is not a multi‑part series itself but relates to appliance‑specific standards prepared by the same technical committee.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Heat exchanger, thermal balance, primary circuit, water, steam, enthalpy, steady‑state testing, calibration, ISO 3147.